扫描100个荷兰火车站

Geomaat最近为荷兰铁路组织Prorail进行了广泛的3D激光扫描和3D建模。

prorailis the organization that takes care of the entire railway network in the Netherlands, from construction to maintenance. It is essential that the data in the ‘Basic Management Map’ (Basisbeheerkaart), which is used to manage the network, is up to date at all times. ProRail works with various suppliers to map the railway network. One of those suppliers is Geomaat, which recently supported Arcadis on a ProRail project in order to add its own experience in3D laser scanning以及Arcadis广泛与铁路相关的专业知识的3D建模。

复杂的大型项目

proraillaunched a project to bring – and keep – all the maps used to manage the rail network, including all railway stations, up to date. The project has been divided into three parts. The first part entails an aircraft flying above all the railway lines and stations. The second part entails scanning all objects in the vicinity of the rail network that are not visible from the air, such as in the covered areas at railway stations. The third part entails updating the Basic Management Map and processing all the gathered data (to incorporate the mutations). Geomaat is responsible for executing the second part, and阿卡迪斯将数据纳入项目的第三部分中的基本管理图。

Due to the huge scale of the project, an efficient workflow is essential. Geomaat drew up a plan of attack for scanning all the stations, based on four components per station: preparation, scanning, data processing and quality control. Needless to say, numerous safety risks are associated with working at railway stations, which is why all project members received safety training. Additionally, Geomaat informed each station manager about all the scanning activities in advance.

Meeting High Demands

Prorail只能与包含高度准确性的数据一起使用。此外，由于其大规模，该项目很复杂。因此，Geomaat提供了一种智能解决方案，以便在360度图像和3D点云方面满足Prorail的高质量需求。Geomaat必须具有创造力，因为目前市场上没有扫描仪可以以所需的精度传递图像和点云。为了满足客户的需求，Geomaat进行了自己的研究，并提出了一个有效的解决方案：将Leica RTC360激光扫描仪与单独的高分辨率相机组合在一起。

“Those new scanners have made it possible to create the point cloud from the gathered data directly in the field. Besides that, we purchased a high-resolution camera so that we can capture even better 360-degree images,” states Ernst ten Napel, project leader geo.

该方法的成功并非没有挑战，例如不同的中心点和右旋转参数的外推。然后将它们转换为转换向量，以正确地合并360度图像。Geomaat开发了自己的创新方式，使用工具进行此操作，如下所述。

Innovative Tooling

Geomaat supplies ProRail with a coloured RD/NAP-registered point cloud including the 360-degree images. The 360-degree images are incorporated into the point cloud with the utmost accuracy, because the photos and the point cloud must be an extremely precise ‘fit’ so that the point cloud can be accurately overlaid with the natural colours from the photos. However, the photos are not necessarily used horizontally. One of the characteristics of a 360-degree image is that it does not have a horizontal plane, nor does it have a fixed orientation such as north on a map. Geomaat’s研究& simpl开发部开发工具ify and improve workflows, and it produced such a tool for the ProRail project: “ProRail requires the panoramic images with north-up orientation so that they can also be used in its own software. A panoramic photo is made up of eight partial images, which means that all those images have to be corrected without altering the how they relate to one another. Matrix calculations are used to determine the rotation parameters for each partial image. This entails rotating the images around three axes, so that the panoramic photo has north-up orientation and all the partial images still fit together seamlessly,” says Joukje de Haan, process & innovation specialist.

Checking Data

3D专家Niels Domhof说，正确的基础知识以达到所需的质量以达到所需的质量，这就是为什么Geomaat将质量检查作为Prorail项目的首要任务的原因，据3D专家Niels Domhof说：“我们对被捕获的检查进行了许多检查数据。我们始终沿X，Y和Z轴进行横截面，以确保所有数据都很好地对齐。我们还从点云中删除了所有有机元素，以使其既干净又干净。为了将注册点云链接到RD/NAP网络，已经在车站设置了地面控制点。我们还符合四眼原则，这意味着每个点云总是由两位不同的3D专家分别检查，以确保彻底的质量控制。”

Coronavirus

The coronavirus pandemic has created many extra challenges in everyday life, but has actually proved advantageous for the project in some ways, continues Domhof: “It might sound strange, but the coronavirus outbreak actually came at a good time for this project. It meant that fewer people were present at railway stations and there were hardly any trains on the tracks. As a result, our point clouds were much ‘cleaner’ and we had to remove very few organic objects. Before the pandemic started, we captured Utrecht Central Station. We chose to do so on 2, 3 and 4 January because most people are still off work for the Christmas holiday so it’s a lot quieter than normal. You have to be very flexible in terms of planning when working on such a large-scale project.”

为什么是Geomaat？

阿卡迪斯（Arcadis）由于广泛的知识和经验而与Geomaat接触。多年来，Geomaat有大约50火车站, for various clients. The aim of this project was to gain an overview of the station equipment. Geomaat has developed a 3D BIM model from the point clouds so that ProRail can easily overlay the map of the ‘old’ situation with the new situation in three dimensions.

Completion

Geomaat has since completed all the outdoor scans scheduled for the first year. “We’re now in the final phase of completion and preparing the mutation scans,” says Ernst ten Napel, project leader.