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律师在担心隧道时摩擦他们的手！

经过斯蒂芬展位 • September 1, 2016

This article was originally published inGeomatics World。

We reflect on the lives of surveyors past, whether registered title really does protect you and just how much tunnel surveying has changed, or perhaps not.

In this issue, we mark the passing of several significant surveyors. Derek Browning (co-founder of Longdin & Browning), Dr Tony Jones, Gary Covington and as we were going to press, Jonathan Davy. So far we have only been able to put together an obituary of one of them.

Gary Covington was amongst that last generation of surveyors who undertook mapping projects before the advent of GPS. Whilst EDM was already available through devices like the Tellurometer and the Aga 6, often they were unsuitable for the task in hand. Jan Karulus (himself of that generation) recounts how Gary and his survey party had to set to and hack their way through the Cameroonian Bush to make a trace through which they could measure. Back then the nature of surveying was very different. Months or even years away from home; experiencing people and cultures very different from home, living in rough accommodation, even living off the land all gave young surveyors unique experience. While they would have had an education it was topped off by experience something you gained and when you needed it rather than just after you needed it.

On the topic of GPS, I am able to provide a review of Pinpoint, a book about how the satellite navigation and positioning technology is changing our lives and possibly our brains (page 31). Surveyors should enjoy it as it has lots of insightful anecdotes and tangents.

英语法，土地和欧洲

许多人不欣赏法律制度的复杂性。英国法律严重依赖于案例法 - 在一项法官之前审判的实际争议，除非在上诉或高级法院挑战，否则律师将被律师引用。这个问题中的Carl Callvert的专栏为那些相信土地登记处的登记册的入口是绝对标题证明的人提供了一些有趣的阅读。最近的案例法发现有利于原始注册业主，但在他们以牺牲审判和学习的费用之前，即使伪造的沉积（肯定是刑事犯罪）可能无法保护您的头衔。

With the UK about to get to grips with the complex work of how we leave Europe, I do wonder how many people realise the amount of work we’ve gifted to lawyers. I was chatting to one recently who was rubbing his hands at the prospect and looking forward to at least a decade of work in unravelling commercial contracts and agreements between the UK and Member States. In the meantime, there are important issues over initiatives like INSPIRE, the harmonisation of mapping datasets and ERASMUS, the student exchange project, which has allowed so many young students to gain experience of a different country. Fortunately for most surveyors, we have only to ponder the topographical and mathematical problems of our relationship with Europe. The British Isles’ slow tectonic drift away from the continent, while it may be millimetres each year (unlike Australia’s 7.5cms – see Undercurrents page 12) it mounts up over time until coordinates have to be adjusted. We still have much to learn on this topic as Richard Groom discovered in his review of papers presented at the FIG working week in New Zealand (see page 24).

Not Bad for Nearly 150 Years Ago

当隧道从每一末端驱动的隧道以合理的准确度达到合理的准确性时，我一直印象深刻，与印度狭窄的仪表Kalkashimla铁路上的Barog的隧道不同。上校的计算出来了，两支隧道队互相错过了。穷人自己射杀了。最近完成的瑞士的Gotthard基地有一些世界上最先进的测量设备的利益。尽管如此，隧道测量师和工程师总是对他们的计算很紧张。从两端驱动，57km隧道关闭到8cms。不错，但是在阿尔卑斯山下的早期驾驶怎么样？1871年，在Mont Cenis下的7½英里的轨道隧道从法国和意大利之间的两侧开口到12英寸（300cms）。近150年前不错。