整合GPS和SAR

Subsidence of the earth's surface caused by underground mining can be monitored using terrestrial land-survey methods. However, applying these is difficult in hilly terrain and densely forested or urbanised areas. Such difficulties can be overcome with a combination of spaceborne SAR and GPS. InSAR accuracy corresponds to GPS and lies, with 9mm variance, in less than 8% of SAR signal phase.

When a point on the earth's surface is subject to deformation such as subsidence, the distance, or slant range, between an orbiting SAR sensor and the point gradually changes over time. Slant range can be determined by measuring the phase of the SAR signal. With point subsidence, the slant-range and thus phase changes over time. Comparing SAR signal phases hitting the same point on the earth's surface at different times enables computation of whether the point is stable or undergoing deformation. The calculation process is rather complex and is documented in textbooks and scientific articles.

Zonguldak Coal-field
Zonguldak煤炭领域被选为案例研究，以研究综合互补GPS测量和INSAR数据的可能性。煤炭领域位于黑海海岸，伊斯坦布尔以东约240公里。地形陡峭地陡峭，从千克到千米处达到海拔千米，被植被覆盖。自1848年以来，在这里进行了地下煤矿;每年生产300万吨硬煤，今天导致沉降导致道路和建筑物损坏。三个煤矿，Kozlu，Uzulmez和Karadon，由土耳其煤炭企业和几家私营公司利用。188asia备用网址具有非常复杂的地质结构的煤层的厚度从600m到800米之间变化。

Results
A deformation map was created by comparing two images from the JERS-1/SAR satellite, showing five deformation zones (see Figure 1, central picture). The procedure used in creating the map is graphically illustrated in Figure 2. In the five zones a GPS network was established to confirm deformations detected by InSAR technique. Examination of both techniques reveals that InSAR and GPS provide highly consistent and closely correlated results, variance being less than 9 millimetres, that is better than 8% of SAR signal phase. The GPS and InSAR measurements also show correlation as high as 82%. As an upshot of this study real-time monitoring and 3D ground deformation measurements will be carried out over the areas using integrated complementary GPS measurement, levelling and multiple spaceborne SAR data.?

致谢
谢谢是由于新能源和工业技术开发组织（NEDO）以及项目经理Masatane Kato。