大坝精细数据：亚毫米分辨率UAS大坝调查| GIM International

In early 2021, the正极酮team crowded itself and its equipment into a tiny Swiss gondola and made its way to one of two dams scheduled for water-side inspection – no easy feat, given the metres of snow closing off many alpine roads during the winter. Often situated in difficult-to-reach locations, Swiss pumped storage plants can greatly benefit from sub-millimetre-resolution uncrewed aerial system (UAS) dam surveys. With the appropriate survey-grade, metric sensors, current UAS can offer safer access and increased cost-effectiveness compared with more traditional inspection methods, while providing comparable or better data.

不仅仅是巧克力，刀子和时钟：瑞士水电

Well over half of the energy produced in Switzerland comes from hydropower, and Axpo Holding AG is Switzerland’s largest hydropower producer. The canton of Graubünden, where this project took place, contributes over 20% of the electricity generated from hydropower in the country, totalling more than 7.9 billion kilowatt hours per year.

大部分的水电在瑞士来自年代torage power plants and run-of-river plants, with only 4.3% of Swiss hydropower provided by pumped storage hydropower plants. However, pumped storage plants are an important component of a hydropower system, helping to balance supply and demand. In a pumped storage system, reservoir water is sent through pressure pipes to drive turbines that generate electricity to be fed into the power grid. In addition to providing energy during peak usage, pumped storage plants also allow for the conversion of excess electricity from the grid through the transfer of water from the lower reservoir to the higher reservoir during off-peak periods. This makes them a vital resource for smoothing energy consumption. Traditionally, water-side inspections of the dams have caused significant turbine downtime.

Swiss dam safety: An internationally recognized regulatory system

在大坝的整个生命中，适当的操作和一致的维护对于最大程度地降低风险至关重要。定期检查有助于确保大坝的安全性和继续运行，这是瑞士（受到国际大坝委员会高度赞扬的瑞士领域）的表现，自1887年以来就没有大坝失败。但是，常规的水坝检查需要资源密集型检查通过悬挂在大坝的平台上的工人收集数据，为UAS大坝调查提供了主要用例，以提高检查安全性和效率。

与受欢迎的消费级无人机不同，正统的设备包括专门用于测量和检查的量化UAS和公制摄像机。第一阶段的 IXM100是其最喜欢的摄影数据采集工具，允许正极酮团队以获取对大坝安全性进行详细分析所需的子毫米分辨率数据。与诸如DJI Zenmuse P1之类的相机相比IXM100not only has superior image quality, but also a faster trigger: within the typical two-second trigger interval for a single shot of the DJI P1, the iXM captures six images – requiring less flight time to capture the necessary data.

With the current setup, the team can achieve a 1.5mm ground sampling distance (GSD), with a footprint larger than 17 x 13m, hovering at about 32m or 60m from the dam face (depending on the lens). A 1mm GSD (footprint roughly 12 x 9m) is possible at a distance of up to ~40m, whereas a 0.5mm GSD (footprint roughly 6 x 4.5m) can be attained up to ~20m from the dam wall.

答：调查网站|B：单图像（裁剪高）|C：100％Zoom的图像|D：点云与分析|GSD：0.5mm/pix

完全控制更清晰的图像

While utilizing a cutting-edge industrial camera considerably enhances productivity, added automation eases the job. All of our UAS are equipped with real-time kinematic GNSS, Lidar-based rangefinders and complete camera setting control, simplifying not only post-processing, but also allowing for sharper images with spot-on focus.

由于大多数水坝的凸形形状，这对飞行员及其发现者构成了挑战，尤其是在阵风风中的水边调查期间，这尤其重要。在我们调查的两个水坝中，一个高度为127m，顶长为480m，另一个高1.17亿，顶长为560m。这样的区域还需要图像的所需子毫米分辨率的数据存储，这使它们成为我们的板载处理单元的主要用例，具有明显更大的数据存储。

可交付成果 - 一切都与观点有关

With the gathered images and derived multidimensional deliverables, dam managers can assess the dam face for abnormalities or degradation. High-quality data is essential for a thorough assessment of structural integrity, and even the most miniscule cracks can be detected by sub-millimetre-resolution UAS dam surveying. This enables inspectors to identify areas of concern, which are then properly addressed to mitigate risks before they can turn into more costly and potentially more dangerous issues.

正极酮目前正在开发一种新的，完全离岸的，煤气的多旋转型UAS，可以结合两个IXM100相机和调查级Riegl激光雷达，同时保持整个有效载荷完全稳定。稳定性对于在近海条件下飞行至关重要（或在这种情况下，是风的高山山谷）。高风能将由于过去的大风而导致中止任务。新系统还将能够携带单个较大的焦距镜头，从40米的距离进行半毫米分辨率的检查，从而可以进行新的风险管理水平，同时收集来自AFAR的最佳数据。